Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The
nucleus is made up of a. | protons and electrons. | c. | protons and neutrons. | b. | electrons and
neutrons. | d. | protons,
neutrons, and electrons. | | | | |
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2.
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Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons
and a. | a different
number of electrons. | c. | a different
number of neutrons. | b. | a different number of
molecules. | d. | the same number
of neutrons. | | | | |
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3.
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Which
of the following terms describes a substance formed by the combination of two or more elements in
definite proportions? a. | compound | c. | nucleus | b. | isotope | d. | enzyme | | | | |
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4.
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A
covalent bond is formed as the result of a. | transferring electrons. | c. | transferring protons. | b. | sharing an
electron pair. | d. | sharing a proton
pair. | | | | |
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5.
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When
salt is dissolved in water, water is the a. | reactant. | c. | solute. | b. | solution. | d. | solvent. | | | | |
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6.
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A
substance with a pH of 6 is called a. | an acid. | c. | both an acid and a base. | b. | a
base. | d. | neither an acid
nor a base. | | | | |
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7.
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Which
of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things? a. | carbohydrates | c. | nucleic
acids | b. | lipids | d. | proteins | | | | |
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8.
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Identify the reactant(s) in the chemical reaction, CO2 + H2O
®
H2CO3. a. | CO2, H2O, and
H2CO3 | c. | H2CO3 | b. | CO2 and
H2O | d. | CO2 | | | | |
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9.
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Which
of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory? a. | Cells are the
basic units of life. | b. | All living things are made of cells. | c. | Very few cells
reproduce. | d. | All cells are produced by existing
cells. | | |
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10.
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Prokaryotes lack a. | cytoplasm. | c. | a nucleus. | b. | a cell
membrane. | d. | genetic
material. | | | | |
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11.
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Which
structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus? a. | Golgi
apparatus | c. | vacuole | b. | mitochondrion | d. | ribosome | | | | |
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12.
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Which
organelles help provide cells with energy? a. | mitochondria and chloroplasts | c. | smooth endoplasmic reticulum | b. | rough
endoplasmic reticulum | d. | Golgi apparatus
and ribosomes | | | | |
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13.
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Which
of the following is a function of the cell membrane? a. | breaks down
lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foods | b. | stores water,
salt, proteins, and carbohydrates | c. | keeps the cell wall in place | d. | regulates which
materials enter and leave the cell | | |
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14.
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Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a. | an area of low
concentration to an area of high concentration. | b. | an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration. | c. | an area of
equilibrium to an area of high concentration. | d. | all of the
above | | |
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15.
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Which
means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell? a. | diffusion | c. | facilitated
diffusion | b. | osmosis | d. | active transport | | | | |
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16.
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The
cells of multicellular organisms are a. | smaller than those of unicellular
organisms. | b. | simpler than those of unicellular
organisms. | c. | specialized to perform different
tasks. | d. | not dependent on one another. | | |
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17.
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Which
event occurs during interphase? a. | The cell grows. | c. | Spindle fibers begin to form. | b. | Centrioles
appear. | d. | Centromeres
divide. | | | | |
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Figure
10–1
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18.
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Cell
division is represented in Figure 10–1 by the letter
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Figure
10–2
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19.
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The
structure labeled A in Figure 10–2 is called the a. | centromere. | c. | sister
chromatid. | b. | centriole. | d. | spindle. | | | | |
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20.
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Cancer cells form masses of cells called a. | tumors. | c. | growth
factors. | b. | cyclins. | d. | p53. | | | | |
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21.
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The
chemical factors that determine traits are called a. | alleles. | c. | genes. | b. | traits. | d. | characters. | | | | |
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22.
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The
principle of dominance states that a. | all alleles are dominant. | b. | all alleles are
recessive. | c. | some alleles are dominant and others are
recessive. | d. | alleles are neither dominant nor
recessive. | | |
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23.
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When
Gregor Mendel crossed true-breeding tall plants with true-breeding short plants, all the offspring
were tall because a. | the allele for
tall plants is recessive. | b. | the allele for short plants is
dominant. | c. | the allele for tall plants is
dominant. | d. | they were true-breeding like their
parents. | | |
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24.
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Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to
be a. | hybrid. | c. | heterozygous. | b. | homozygous. | d. | dominant. | | | | |
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25.
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How
many different allele combinations would be found in the gametes produced by a pea plant whose
genotype was RrYY?
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26.
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A
cross of a black chicken (BB) with a white chicken (WW) produces all speckled offspring
(BBWW). This type of inheritance is known as a. | incomplete
dominance. | c. | codominance. | b. | polygenic inheritance. | d. | multiple alleles. | | | | |
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27.
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Variation in human skin color is an example of a. | incomplete
dominance. | c. | polygenic
traits. | b. | codominance. | d. | multiple alleles. | | | | |
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28.
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If an
organism’s diploid number is 12, its haploid number is
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Figure
11–3
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29.
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What
is shown in Figure 11–3? a. | independent assortment | c. | crossing-over | b. | anaphase I of
meiosis | d. | replication | | | | |
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Figure
12–1
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30.
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Figure 12–1 shows the structure of a(an) a. | DNA
molecule. | c. | RNA
molecule. | b. | amino acid. | d. | protein. | | | | |
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31.
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DNA
is copied during a process called a. | replication. | c. | transcription. | b. | translation. | d. | transformation. | | | | |
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32.
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During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with
the bases a. | TCGAAC. | c. | AGCTTG. | b. | GATCCA. | d. | GAUCCA. | | | | |
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33.
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Unlike DNA, RNA contains a. | adenine. | c. | phosphate groups. | b. | uracil. | d. | thymine. | | | | |
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34.
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What
is produced during transcription? a. | RNA molecules | c. | RNA polymerase | b. | DNA
molecules | d. | proteins | | | | |
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35.
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How
many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?
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36.
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What
happens during the process of translation? a. | Messenger RNA is made from DNA. | b. | The cell uses
information from messenger RNA to produce proteins. | c. | Transfer RNA is
made from messenger RNA. | d. | Copies of DNA molecules are made. | | |
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37.
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A
mutation that involves one or a few nucleotides is called a(an) a. | chromosomal
mutation. | c. | point
mutation. | b. | inversion. | d. | translocation. | | | | |
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38.
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A
promoter is a a. | binding site for
DNA polymerase. | c. | start signal for
transcription. | b. | binding site for RNA
polymerase. | d. | stop signal for
transcription. | | | | |
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39.
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This
type of RNA seeks out amino acids in the cytoplasm a. | tRNA | c. | rRNA | b. | mRNA | d. | RNA Polymerase | | | | |
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40.
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The
combined portions of Earth in which all living things exist is called the a. | biome. | c. | ecosystem. | b. | community. | d. | biosphere. | | | | |
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41.
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All
of the members of a particular species that live in one area are called a(an) a. | biome. | c. | community. | b. | population. | d. | ecosystem. | | | | |
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42.
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What
is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems? a. | carbohydrates | c. | water | b. | sunlight | d. | carbon | | | | |
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43.
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An
organism that cannot make its own food is called a(an) a. | heterotroph. | c. | autotroph. | b. | chemotroph. | d. | producer. | | | | |
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44.
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Organisms that obtain nutrients by breaking down dead and decaying plants and animals
are called a. | decomposers. | c. | autotrophs. | b. | omnivores. | d. | producers. | | | | |
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45.
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What
is an organism that feeds only on plants called? a. | carnivore | c. | omnivore | b. | herbivore | d. | detritivore | | | | |
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46.
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The
total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called the a. | organic
mass. | c. | energy
mass. | b. | trophic mass. | d. | biomass. | | | | |
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47.
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What
animals eat both producers and consumers? a. | herbivores | c. | chemotrophs | b. | omnivores | d. | autotrophs | | | | |
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48.
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What
is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web? a. | energy
path | c. | trophic
level | b. | food chain | d. | food pyramid | | | | |
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49.
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The
repeated movement of water between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere is called a. | the water
cycle. | c. | precipitation. | b. | the condensation cycle. | d. | evaporation. | | | | |
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50.
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What
is the process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the air to
ammonia? a. | nitrogen
fixation | c. | decomposition | b. | excretion | d. | denitrification | | | | |
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51.
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How
is carbon stored in the biosphere? a. | in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide | b. | underground as fossil fuels and calcium carbonate
rock | c. | in the oceans as
dissolved carbon dioxide | d. | all of the above | | |
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52.
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Nitrogen fixation is carried out primarily by a. | humans. | c. | bacteria. | b. | plants. | d. | consumers. | | | | |
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53.
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What
is the buildup of a pollutant in organisms in higher trophic levels in the food
chain. a. | biological
magnification | b. | tolerance | c. | toxic
buildup | d. | DDT | | |
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54.
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Earth
has three main climate zones because of the differences in latitude and, thus, a. | amount of
precipitation received. | c. | ocean
currents. | b. | angle of heating. | d. | prevailing winds. | | | | |
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55.
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The
tendency for warm air to rise and cool air to sink results in a. | global wind
patterns. | c. | unequal heat
distribution. | b. | ocean upwelling. | d. | regional precipitation. | | | | |
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56.
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An
organism’s niche is a. | the range of physical and biological conditions in which an
organism lives and the way in which it uses those conditions. | b. | all the physical
and biological factors in the organism’s environment. | c. | the range of
temperatures that the organism needs to survive. | d. | a full
description of the place an organism lives. | | |
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57.
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An
interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism is called a. | competition. | c. | mutualism. | b. | sybiosis. | d. | predation. | | | | |
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58.
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A
symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is a. | commensalism. | c. | predation. | b. | mutualism. | d. | parasitism. | | | | |
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59.
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What
is one difference between primary and secondary succession? a. | Primary
succession is slow and secondary succession is rapid. | b. | Secondary
succession begins on soil and primary succession begins on newly exposed
surfaces. | c. | Primary succession modifies the environment and secondary
succession does not. | d. | Secondary succession begins with lichens and primary succession
begins with trees. | | |
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60.
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Which
biome is characterized by very low temperatures, little precipitation, and
permafrost? a. | desert | c. | tundra | b. | temperate forest | d. | tropical dry forest | | | | |
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61.
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Which
two biomes have the least amount of precipitation? a. | tropical rain
forest and temperate grassland | b. | tropical savanna and tropical dry
forest | c. | tundra and desert | d. | boreal forest
and temperate woodland and shrubland | | |
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62.
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Ponds
and lakes are a. | flowing-water
ecosystems. | c. | standing-water
ecosystems. | b. | wetlands. | d. | estuaries. | | | | |
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