Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
|
|
|
1.
|
Which
of the following is an example of an external regulator of the cell cycle? A. | gene
p53 | B. | growth
factors | C. | cyclins | D. | the TATA
box | | |
|
|
|
2.
|
Which
of the following is the BEST definition of natural selection? A. | the evolutionary
tendency toward perfection | B. | the appearance in the fossil record of a new species relatively
suddenly, over a short period of time | C. | the greater survival and reproduction of organisms with
favorable variations than of organisms with unfavorable variations | D. | the inheritance
of traits that are acquired during an organism’s lifetime | | |
|
|
|
3.
|
A
paramecium uses its cilia to: A. | make high-energy sugar | B. | breathe | C. | move | D. | sense chemiclas in the environment | | |
|
|
|
4.
|
Carbon dioxide is a substance in Earth’s atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is an
example of: A. | an
element | B. | a compound | C. | a
mixture | D. | a subatomic particle | | |
|
|
|
5.
|
Which
of the following factors may cause the population of algae in a small pond to
increase? A. | an increase in
the amount of limiting nutrients in the pond. | B. | an increase in
the amount of UV radiation reaching the pond | C. | an increase in
the amount of available nitrogen gas | D. | an increase in the amount of organisms that feed on
algae | | |
|
|
|
6.
|
Which
of the following was part of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution? A. | Organisms could
acquire ne characteristics during their lifetime and pass these on to their
offspring. | B. | Evolution always occurs rapidly. | C. | Evolution occurs
only on islands. | D. | Only biologically inherited characteristics could be passed on
to offspring. | | |
|
|
|
7.
|
What
is the result if offspring inherit a mutated gene? A. | The offspring
will develop cancer. | B. | The effect on the offspring may be helpful, harmful, or
neutral. | C. | The offspring’s chance of success in the environment will
always be increased. | D. | The offspring will be a member of a different species than the
parent. | | |
|
|
|
8.
|
Maintaining a constant fluid content in the human body is an example of
__________. A. | evaporation | B. | homeostasis | C. | extracellular
digestion | D. | mitosis | | |
|
|
|
9.
|
Which
of the following is one way an elm tree in a temperate forest prepares for the cold winter
months? A. | digesting
insects to obtain necessary nutrients | B. | germinating quickly before the frost
comes | C. | dropping its leaves | D. | growing air
roots | | |
|
|
|
10.
|
In
Origin of Species, which of the following did Charles Darwin use to support his theory of
evolution by natural selection? A. | the model of the molecular clock | B. | Jean-Baptiste
Lamark’s theory of the inheritance of acquired traits | C. | Gregor
Mendel’s principles of genetics | D. | fossil evidence | | |
|
|
|
11.
|
The
pH of the fluids of most cells in the human body must generally be kept between 6.5 and 7.5.
Which of the following does the body use to maintain this range? A. | buffers | B. | strong acids | C. | strong
bases | D. | cohesion | | |
|
|
|
12.
|
The
decoding of mRNA to form a polypeptide chain is called __________. A. | translation | B. | replication | C. | transcription | D. | reproduction | | |
|
|
|
13.
|
What
occurs in the type of chromosomal mutation called inversion? A. | All or part of a
chromosome is lost. | B. | Part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to
another. | C. | Duplications produce extra copies or parts of a
chromosome. | D. | The direction of parts of a chromosome are
reversed. | | |
|
|
|
14.
|
How
does the hormone auxin affect the growth of plants? A. | It stimulates
cell elongation. | B. | It triggers cell division. | C. | It causes fruit
to ripen. | D. | It triggers the process that results in
dormancy. | | |
|
|
|
15.
|
Scientists believe that some structures in the modern eukaryotic cell, such as
mitochondria or chloroplasts, developed from early __________. A. | viruses | B. | plants | C. | prokaryotes | D. | sporangiophores | | |
|
|
|
16.
|
Which
of the following BEST describes the work of the cell carried out by the nucleic
acids? A. | They store and
transmit hereditary, or genetic, information. | B. | They store
energy. | C. | They regulate cell processes. | D. | They form part
of biological membranes. | | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
17.
|
Look carefully at the illustration above. The
structural similarities between these three unrelated animals is an example of: A. | convergent
evolution | B. | co-evolution | C. | adaptive
radiation | D. | mutations | | |
|
|
|
18.
|
Which
of the following advances has provided support for Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural
selection since the publication of Origin of Species? A. | the development
of Koch’s postulates | B. | the discovery that the genetic code of most organisms is very
similar | C. | Linnaeus’s system of
classification | D. | the development of Lamark’s theory of use and
disuse | | |
|
|
|
19.
|
Scientists believe that the first one-celled organisms to evolve on Earth were
__________. A. | gametophytes | B. | eukaryotes | C. | prokaryotes | D. | abiotic | | |
|
|
|
20.
|
The
more similar the DNA sequences of two species, A. | the more quickly they changed in comparison to each
other. | B. | the more recently they shared a common
ancestor. | C. | the more likely they both are to become
extinct. | D. | the more likely they are to coevolve. | | |
|
|
|
21.
|
Habitat fragmentation can result in small biological “islands.” As
habitats become smaller, they can support fewer species and smaller populations. What is likely
true about the populations remaining in these biological islands? A. | The remaining
populations are less likely to survive if further disturbances occur. | B. | The remaining
populations are more likely to survive if further disturbances occur. | C. | The remaining
populations develop stronger immune systems. | D. | The remaining
populations cease to evolve. | | |
|
|
|
22.
|
Which
of the following is true of carbon? A. | Living cells do not contain any carbon
atoms. | B. | Carbon atoms can bond together to form
rings. | C. | All carbon compounds are toxic to
amphibians. | D. | Carbon atoms can bond only with other carbon
atoms. | | |
|
|
|
23.
|
Which
of the following environmental factors is biotic? A. | light | B. | temperature | C. | parasites | D. | soil | | |
|
|
|
24.
|
Which
of the following is true of the genomes of two unrelated humans? A. | The two genomes
are exactly the same. | B. | The two genomes do not share any of the same
genes. | C. | The two genomes are very similar. | D. | One of the
human’s genomes is likely more similar to a chimpanzee’s genome that to the other
human’s genome. | | |
|
|
|
25.
|
The
process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells is called: A. | telophase | B. | the cell cycle | C. | cell
division | D. | replication | | |
|
|
|
26.
|
What
organisms in an ecosystem return nutrients to the environment by breaking down the remains of other
organisms? A. | producers | B. | composers | C. | decomposers | D. | parasites | | |
|
|
|
27.
|
What
is the function of the immune system? A. | It coordinates the body’s response to changes in the
environment. | B. | It eliminates waste from the body. | C. | It protects the
body from disease. | D. | It supports the body and its internal
organs. | | |
|
|
|
28.
|
Which
of the following statements correctly describes a prokaryotic cell? A. | The cell
membrane is always surrounded by a cell wall. | B. | There is a
nucleus that separates the genetic material from the rest of the cell. | C. | Its genetic
material is not contained in a nucleus. | D. | The cell wall is surrounded by an external cell
membrane. | | |
|
|
|
29.
|
What
is the main function of the lateral line system in fishes? A. | It senses the
motion of other fish or prey in the water. | B. | It senses the Earth’s gravitational field for
navigation. | C. | It detects chemicals in the water. | D. | It senses
changes in temperature. | | |
|
|
|
30.
|
Tallness (T) is a dominant trait in pea plants. You want to use a Punnett square
to predict the gene combinations that can result from a cross of a homozygous tall and a heterozygous
tall pea plant. What will the pea plants resulting from this cross look like? A. | all
tall | B. | half tall, half
short | C. | one-quarter tall, three-quarters
short | D. | three quarters tall, one-quarter
short | | |
|
|
|
31.
|
Tallness (T) is a dominant trait in pea plants. You want to use a Punnett square
to predict the gene combinations that can result from a cross of a homozygous tall and a heterozygous
tall pea plant. To accurately represent the cross described above, which genotypes should you
use? A. | TT x
TT | B. | tt x
tt | C. | TT x
tt | D. | TT x
Tt | | |
|
|
|
32.
|
Tallness (T) is a dominant trait in pea plants. You want to use a Punnett square
to predict the gene combinations that can result from a cross of a homozygous tall and a heterozygous
tall pea plant. What is the chance that a pea plant resulting from this cross will be
heterozygous (Tt) for this trait?
|
|
|
|
|
|
33.
|
The
pedigree chart above shows the inheritance of colorbindness, a sex-linked trait, in a family.
Which of the following statements about the offspring of persons 5 and 6 is true? A. | All of their
daughters will be carriers. | B. | All of their sons will be colorblind. | C. | All of their
sons will be carriers. | D. | All of their daughters will be
colorblind. | | |
|
|
|
34.
|
The
pedigree chart above shows the inheritance of colorbindness, a sex-linked trait, in a family.
If all of the sons of person & and his spouse are colorblind, and all of their daughters are
carriers, what must be true about person 7’s spouse? A. | She is a
carrier. | B. | She is colorblind. | C. | Her mother was
normal. | D. | Her father was normal. | | |
|
|
|
35.
|
The
pedigree chart above shows the inheritance of colorbindness, a sex-linked trait, in a family.
What are the sex chromosomes of person 2?
|
|
|
|
|
|
36.
|
Which
organisms in the ecosystem shown above convert inorganic compounds into organic
compounds? A. | insects | B. | pond plants | C. | snails | D. | ducks | | |
|
|
|
37.
|
Second-order consumers in the ecosystem shwon above include: A. | snails and
insects | B. | fish and ducks | C. | pond plants and
phytoplankton | D. | turtles and snails | | |
|
|
|
38.
|
Which
of the following is a food chain in the ecosystem shown above? A. | phytoplankton®snails®turtles | B. | phytoplankton®insects®fish | C. | pond plants®turtles®ducks | D. | pond
plants®snails®ducks | | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
39.
|
What
is the correct name and function of structure A in the drawing above? A. | nucleus:
controls most functions of the cell | B. | Golgi apparatus: changes, sorts, and packages proteins for use
inside or outside the cell | C. | vacuole: storage of materials | D. | nucleolus:
ribosome assembly | | |
|
|
|
40.
|
What
is the correct name and function of structure B in the drawing above? A. | nucleus:
controls most functions of the cell | B. | chloroplast: captures light energy and converts it into
chemical energy | C. | centriole: helps organize cell
division | D. | chloroplast: makes proteins | | |
|
|
|
41.
|
What
is the correct name and function of structure C in the drawing above? A. | cell wall:
supports and protects the cell | B. | cell membrane: supports and protects the
cell | C. | cell membrane:
regulates materials entering and exiting the cell | D. | chloroplast:
captures light energy and converts it into chemical energy | | |
|
|
|
|
42.
|
Explain how the cells in an individual can be different from each other even though
they are all descended from a single cell.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
|
|
43.
|
Compare and contrast the following two types of gene mutations: substitutions and
frameshift mutations.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
|
|
44.
|
A
river divided a population of rabbits into two separate populations. Many hundreds of years
later, individuals from both populations were brought together again. However, individuals from
these two populations could no longer breed with one another. Explain what may have
occurred.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
|
|
45.
|
Describe Lamarck’s hypothesis for how organisms change over time, then describe
one piece of biological evidence that refutes his theory.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
|
|
46.
|
Hypothesis formulation: An invasive species of plant was accidentally introduced
into a wetland. Within a few years it had largely replaced a native species of plant that had
been growing there. At the same time, the population of an animal species in the wetland
declined. Provide at least two hypotheses for why the population of the animal species
declined.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|